Should I hire a freelance editor before submitting to agents or publishers?

This question comes up fairly frequently on social media and in writing groups: should you hire a freelance editor before submitting to agents or publishers? Is it necessary?

In self-publishing, you tend to have to do everything yourself, including finding your own editor. But traditional publishing is different. Let’s first look at how traditional publishing works.

Traditional publishing

If you want to publish traditionally, you’ll usually need to find a literary agent first. Some smaller publishers and indie presses accept unagented submissions, but most traditional publishers are agent-only.

What happens editorially when you sign with a literary agent? You can expect to work with your agent on a series of broad revisions – otherwise known as developmental editing – before you go on submission to publishing houses. If you get a publishing contract, your publisher might do another round (or more) of developmental work with you. When the foundations are in place, your publisher would then provide copyediting and proofreading for you, alongside all the other usual production tasks such as cover design, layout, formatting, and so on.

You don’t need to hire an editor before submitting to agents and publishers

Because many of the editorial stages would be provided for you in traditional publishing, you don’t need to hire an independent editor before you send your work out.

If an editor tries to convince you that you absolutely must hire them before submitting to agents/publishers, or you won’t stand a chance, you should think carefully about their motivations.

Having said that…

Hiring an editor for feedback can help you improve your book and your craft

Publishing is so fiercely competitive, and being in the slush pile is rough. Submitting to agents isn’t easy, and some elements of a submission package like a query letter and a synopsis can be difficult to get right. Hiring an editor to get some bigger-picture feedback on these things, or advice before sending your work to agents, can be helpful. Editors who are familiar with the traditional publishing market, how agents work, and your genre are well placed to guide you.

I’ve worked with authors on submission packages to get their material into good shape; I’ve also critiqued books for authors before they submit. Having a professional critique or developmental feedback given to you doesn’t guarantee you’ll sign with an agent, though. Some authors think of it as more of an investment in their education as a writer, helping them to develop their craft and grow – and this can all help when you do submit your work.

Copyediting is not required before you submit

You don’t need copyediting on a manuscript if you’re going to submit to agents/publishers, because that would be taken care of for you by the publisher.

If you’re particularly concerned that you may have clunky sentences or problems with flow, perspective, and awkward language, or you’re worried about how well scenes are reading and flowing together, a line edit can be useful for smoothing these areas out before you submit. Line editing is focused on stylistic elements, and can teach you a lot about craft.

You can read about the differences between copy and line editing here.

A final word on red flags…

Be wary of anyone who says you need to hire an editor before you submit. You can absolutely do so – many authors learn a lot from hiring a freelance editor – but it’s not an ironclad requirement. The types of services authors usually opt for if they decide to work with an editor pre-submission are things like manuscript assessments, line edits, or submission services, which are most helpful at this stage.

If anyone tries to convince you that you need a complete “package” before submitting – a developmental edit, a deep copyedit and a line edit, followed by a proofread – be careful. They probably don’t have your best interests in mind!

I also wanted to add a last note about money when you’re dealing with agents and traditional publishers. Remember that literary agents and legitimate publishers never charge the author money to represent or publish them. Money always flows to the author in traditional publishing. Be wary of any agent or publisher wanting to charge you a fee. If you’re offered a traditional book deal but you’re expected to fork out an obscene amount for the costs of publishing, you’re probably being scammed. You can use the Writer Beware page to learn more about literary scams and red flags. There are pages specific to agents, publishers and editors.

If you’d like some help with your manuscript and decide you’d like to work with a freelance editor, check out my editorial services – I’d love to hear from you about your project!